Causes of Corneal Ulcer

Bacterial infections cause corneal ulcers and are common in contact lens wearers. Viruses that may cause corneal ulcers include the herpes simplex virus (the virus that causes cold sores) and the Varicella virus (the virus that causes both chickenpox and shingles) if it involves the upper eyelid and tip of the nose (herpes zoster ophthalmicus). Fungal infections can cause corneal ulcers and may occur with improper care of contact lenses or overuse of eyedrops that contain steroids.

Parasites like Acanthamoeba may also cause corneal ulcers.

Tiny cuts or scratches in the corneal surface may become infected and lead to corneal ulcers.

Any condition that results in a loss of sensation of the corneal surface may increase the risk of corneal ulceration.

Chemical burns or other caustic (damaging) solutions splashing into the eye can injure the cornea and lead to corneal ulceration.